Erythroferrone (human) ELISA Kit - The only Specific & Sensitive Assay on the Market!

Erythroferrone (also called Myonectin, CTRP15, Fam132B or ERFE) is a hormone produced by erythroblasts in the bone marrow in response to erythropoietin controlling iron storage release or is a myokine abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle tissue, upregulated by voluntary exercise. Erythroferrone/Myonectin is a potential clinical biomarker for assessing erythropoiesis in patients with blood disorders, to study iron homeostasis for cardiovascular/heart protection, and potentially for metabolic disorders.

NEW Erythroferrone (human) ELISA Kit - The BEST on the Market

This Erythroferrone (human) ELISA Kit (AG-45B-0014) is a Sandwich assay based on two antibodies and is to be used for the in vitro quantitative determination of human Erythroferrone in cell culture supernatants, serum and plasma. Levels of Erythroferrone measured by this ELISA kit in serum and plasma correspond to Erythroferrone protein levels measured in mouse (~ 500ng/ml).

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Also Available: Erythroferrone (human) Matched Pair Detection Set (Prod. No. AG-46B-0012)

NOTE: The products AG-45B-0014 and AG-46B-0012 are based on the same Matched Antibody Pair!  For more recommendations related to detected values in context with dilutions of the samples, please see below.

LIT: Erythroferrone as a sensitive biomarker to detect stimulation of erythropoiesis: K. Ramirez Cuevas, et al.; Drug Test. Anal. 12, 261 (2019)

Scientific Background

Erythroferrone (also called Myonectin, CTRP15 or Fam132B) is a member of CTRPs (C1q/TNF-related proteins), which are conserved paralogs of adiponectin containing collagen-like and globular C1q-like domains. Erythroferrone plays two different regulatory roles (see also Figure):

i) Erythroferrone (called Myonectin for this role) is a myokine abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle tissue, upregulated by voluntary exercise that is suppressed by fasting and induced by refeeding; it participates in the regulation of systemic lipid metabolism by promoting the clearance of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) from circulation. As a myokine, Erythroferrone/Myonectin acts as an endurance exercise-driven myokine which protects the heart from ischemic injury by reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and macrophage inflammatory response.

ii) Erythroferrone is produced by erythroblasts after bleeding or Erythropoietin (EPO) treatment and acts on hepatocytes to suppress expression of the hormone hepcidin. Erythroferrone inhibition of hepcidin allows ferroportin, the sole known iron exporter, to mediate the release of iron stored in gut, spleen and liver in the blood plasma. Erythroferrone functions as erythroid modulator of iron metabolism and hemoglobin synthesis.

Erythroferrone is therefore a biomarker for different types of anemia, for cardiological diseases and potentially also for metabolic diseases.

Literature References:

1. Myonectin (CTRP15), a novel myokine that links skeletal muscle to systemic lipid homeostasis: M.M. Seldin, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 287, 11968 (2012)
2. Identification of Erythroferrone as an Erythroid Regulator of Iron Metabolism: L. Kautz, et al; Nat. Genet. 46, 678 (2014)
3. Is erythroferrone finally the long sought-after systemic erythroid regulator of iron? A. Lawen; World. J. Biol. Chem. 6, 78 (2015)
4. Myonectin Is an Exercise-Induced Myokine That Protects the Heart from IschemiaReperfusion Injury: N. Otaka, et al.; Circ. Res. 123, 1326 (2018)
5. Erythroferrone inhibits the induction of hepcidin by BMP6: J. Arezes, et al.; Blood 132, 1473 (2018)
6. Erythropoietic regulators of iron metabolism: T. Ganz; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 133, 69 (2019)

Figure: Different roles of Erythroferrone/Myonectin.

IMPORTANT:  Erythroferrone (ERFE)/Myonectin Levels and Dilution of Samples

Erythroferrone/Myonectin has been shown to be expressed in muscle (called Myonectin/CTRP15) or in erythroblasts (called Erythroferrone/ERFE). Based on extensive in-house validation and in accordance with the values detected in undiluted samples by K. Ramirez Cuevas, et al.; Drug Test. Anal. (2019), we provide following recommendations for the usage of the Erythroferrone (human) ELISA Kit and Matched Pair Detection Set.

1. To detect ERFE increase upon Erythropoietin (EPO) treatment or blood transfusion, use undiluted or low diluted serum/plasma (about 1/10):
   > Values measured will range from 2-4 ng/ml to 15-25 ng/ml.
   
   
2. To detect steady state levels of ERFE, use diluted serum (>1/150):
   > Values will range from 300 ng/ml to >1200 ng/ml.

NOTE: For a possible scientific explanation of these observations and further information related to this recommendation please download our Explanation & Hypothesis.

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